General form of registration statement for all companies including face-amount certificate companies

Accounting Policies, by Policy (Policies)

v3.22.1
Accounting Policies, by Policy (Policies)
6 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Nov. 30, 2021
May 31, 2021
Accounting Policies [Abstract]    
Basis of Accounting, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Basis of Presentation

 

These financial statements and related notes are presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and are expressed in US dollars. The Company has adopted a fiscal year end of May 31st.

 

Basis of Presentation

 

These financial statements and related notes are presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and are expressed in US dollars. The Company has adopted a fiscal year end of May 31st.

 

Consolidation, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Principals of Consolidation

 

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of CLS Holdings USA, Inc., and its direct and indirect wholly owned operating subsidiaries, CLS Nevada, Inc., (“CLS Nevada”), CLS Labs, Inc. (“CLS Labs”), CLS Labs Colorado, Inc. (“CLS Colorado”), CLS Massachusetts, Inc. (“CLS Massachusetts”), and Alternative Solutions, LLC (“Alternative Solutions”), and its 50% interest in Kealii Okamalu LLC (“Kealii Okamalu”). Alternative Solutions is the sole owner of the following three entities (collectively, the “Oasis LLCs”): Serenity Wellness Center, LLC (“Serenity Wellness Center”); Serenity Wellness Products, LLC (“Serenity Wellness Products”); and Serenity Wellness Growers, LLC (“Serenity Wellness Growers”). The Company consolidates Kealii Okamalu because the Company is its sole manager. All material intercompany transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation of these entities.

 

Principals of Consolidation

 

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of CLS Holdings USA, Inc., and its direct and indirect wholly owned operating subsidiaries, CLS Nevada, Inc., (“CLS Nevada”), CLS Labs, Inc. (“CLS Labs”), CLS Labs Colorado, Inc. (“CLS Colorado”), CLS Massachusetts, Inc. (“CLS Massachusetts”), and Alternative Solutions, LLC (“Alternative Solutions”). Alternative Solutions is the sole owner of the following three entities (collectively, the “Oasis LLCs”): Serenity Wellness Center, LLC (“Serenity Wellness Center”); Serenity Wellness Products, LLC (“Serenity Wellness Products”); and Serenity Wellness Growers, LLC (“Serenity Wellness Growers”). All material intercompany transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation of these entities.

 

Use of Estimates, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Use of Estimates

 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 

Use of Estimates

 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 

Reclassification, Comparability Adjustment [Policy Text Block]

Reclassification

 

Certain amounts in the prior period have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.

 

Reclassification

 

Certain amounts in the prior period have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.

 

Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Cash and Cash Equivalents

 

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company had cash and cash equivalents of $1,284,070 and $1,665,263 as of November 30, 2021 and May 31, 2021, respectively.

 

Cash and Cash Equivalents

 

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company had cash and cash equivalents of $1,665,263 and $2,925,568 as of May 31, 2021 and 2020.

 

Receivables, Trade and Other Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Doubtful Accounts, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

 

The Company generates the majority of its revenues and corresponding accounts receivable from the sale of cannabis, and cannabis related products. The Company evaluates the collectability of its accounts receivable considering a combination of factors. In circumstances where it is aware of a specific customer’s inability to meet its financial obligations to it, the Company records a specific reserve for bad debts against amounts due in order to reduce the net recognized receivable to the amount it reasonably believe will be collected. For all other customers, the Company recognizes reserves for bad debts based on past write-off experience and the length of time the receivables are past due. The Company had $129 and $0 of bad debt expense during the three months ended November 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company had $129 and $5,992 of bad debt expense during the six months ended November 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

 

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

 

The Company generates the majority of its revenues and corresponding accounts receivable from the sale of cannabis, and cannabis related products. The Company evaluates the collectability of its accounts receivable considering a combination of factors. In circumstances where it is aware of a specific customer’s inability to meet its financial obligations to it, the Company records a specific reserve for bad debts against amounts due in order to reduce the net recognized receivable to the amount it reasonably believes will be collected. For all other customers, the Company recognizes reserves for bad debts based on past write-off experience and the length of time the receivables are past due. The Company had $15,798 and $108,392 in bad debt expense during the years ended May 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

 

Inventory, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Inventory

 

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined using a perpetual inventory system whereby costs are determined by acquisition costs of individual items included in inventory. Market is determined based on net realizable value. Appropriate consideration is given to obsolescence, excessive levels, deterioration, and other factors in evaluating net realizable values. Our cannabis products consist of prepackaged purchased goods ready for resale, along with produced edibles and extracts developed under our production license.

 

Inventory

 

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined using a perpetual inventory system whereby costs are determined by acquisition costs of individual items included in inventory. Market is determined based on net realizable value. Appropriate consideration is given to obsolescence, excessive levels, deterioration, and other factors in evaluating net realizable values. Our cannabis products consist of prepackaged purchased goods ready for resale, along with produced edibles and extracts developed under our production license.

 

Property, Plant and Equipment, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Property, Plant and Equipment

 

Property and equipment is recorded at the lower of cost or estimated net recoverable amount, and is depreciated using the straight-line method over its estimated useful life. Property acquired in a business combination is recorded at estimated initial fair value. Property, plant, and equipment are depreciated using the straight-line method based on the lesser of the estimated useful lives of the assets or the lease term based upon the following life expectancy:

 

 

 

Years

 

Office equipment

 

 

3 to 5

 

Furniture & fixtures

 

 

3 to 7

 

Machinery & equipment

 

 

3 to 10

 

Leasehold improvements

 

Term of lease

 

 

Repairs and maintenance expenditures are charged to operations as incurred. Major improvements and replacements, which extend the useful life of an asset, are capitalized and depreciated over the remaining estimated useful life of the asset. When assets are retired or sold, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are eliminated and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in operations.

 

Property, Plant, and Equipment

 

Property and equipment is recorded at the lower of cost or estimated net recoverable amount, and is depreciated using the straight-line method over its estimated useful life. Property acquired in a business combination is recorded at estimated initial fair value. Property, plant, and equipment are depreciated using the straight-line method based on the lesser of the estimated useful lives of the assets or the lease term based upon the following life expectancy:

 

 

 

Years

 

Office equipment

 

 

3 to 5

 

Furniture & fixtures

 

 

3 to 7

 

Machinery & equipment

 

 

3 to 10

 

Leasehold improvements

 

Term of lease

 

 

Repairs and maintenance expenditures are charged to operations as incurred. Major improvements and replacements, which extend the useful life of an asset, are capitalized and depreciated over the remaining estimated useful life of the asset. When assets are retired or sold, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are eliminated and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in operations
Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Long-Lived Assets

 

The Company reviews its property and equipment and any identifiable intangibles including goodwill for impairment on an annual basis utilizing the guidance set forth in the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards Board ASC 350 “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other” and ASC 360 “Property, Plant, and Equipment.” At November 30, 2021, the net carrying value of goodwill on the Company’s balance sheet remained at $557,896.

 

Long-Lived Assets

 

The Company reviews its property and equipment and any identifiable intangibles including goodwill for impairment on an annual basis utilizing the guidance set forth in the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards Board ASC 350 “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other” and ASC 360 “Property, Plant, and Equipment.” As a result of the impairment test, it was determined that the net carrying value of goodwill exceeded the fair value by $25,185,003, and the Company recorded an impairment charge to operations during the year ended May 31, 2020 in the amount of $25,185,003. At May 31, 2021, the net carrying value of goodwill on the Company’s balance sheet remained at $557,896.

 

Comprehensive Income, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Comprehensive Income

 

ASC 220-10-15 “Reporting Comprehensive Income,” establishes standards for reporting and displaying of comprehensive income, its components and accumulated balances. Comprehensive income is defined to include all changes in equity except those resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. Among other disclosures, ASC 220-10-15 requires that all items that are required to be recognized under current accounting standards as components of comprehensive income be reported in a financial statement that is displayed with the same prominence as other financial statements. The Company does not have any items of comprehensive income in any of the periods presented.

 

Comprehensive Income

 

ASC 220-10-15 “Reporting Comprehensive Income,” establishes standards for reporting and displaying of comprehensive income, its components and accumulated balances. Comprehensive income is defined to include all changes in equity except those resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. Among other disclosures, ASC 220-10-15 requires that all items that are required to be recognized under current accounting standards as components of comprehensive income be reported in a financial statement that is displayed with the same prominence as other financial statements. The Company does not have any items of comprehensive income in any of the periods presented.

 

Concentration Risk, Credit Risk, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Concentrations of Credit Risk

 

The Company maintains its cash in bank deposit accounts and other accounts, the balances of which at times may be uninsured or exceed federally insured limits. From time to time, some of the Company’s funds are also held by escrow agents; these funds may not be federally insured. The Company continually monitors its banking relationships and consequently has not experienced any losses in such accounts.

 

Concentrations of Credit Risk

 

The Company maintains its cash in bank deposit accounts and other accounts, the balances of which at times may be uninsured or exceed federally insured limits. From time to time, some of the Company’s funds are also held by escrow agents; these funds may not be federally insured. The Company continually monitors its banking relationships and consequently has not experienced any losses in such accounts.

 

Advertising Cost [Policy Text Block]

Advertising and Marketing Costs

 

All costs associated with advertising and promoting products are expensed as incurred. Total recognized advertising and marketing expenses were $341,872 and $311,707 for the three months ended November 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Total recognized advertising and marketing expenses were $788,538 and $443,739 for the six months ended November 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

 

Advertising and Marketing Costs

 

All costs associated with advertising and promoting products are expensed as incurred. Total recognized advertising and marketing expenses were $1,237,326 and $836,000 for the years ended May 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

 

Research, Development, and Computer Software, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Research and Development

 

Research and development expenses are charged to operations as incurred. Total recognized research and development expenses were $9,908 and $5,385 for the three months ended November 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Total recognized research and development expenses were $10,508 and $12,392 for the six months ended November 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

 

Research and Development

 

Research and development expenses are charged to operations as incurred. The Company incurred research and development costs of $37,122 and $0 for the years ended May 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

 

Fair Value of Financial Instruments, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

 

Pursuant to Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) No. 825 - Financial Instruments, the Company is required to estimate the fair value of all financial instruments included on its balance sheets. The carrying amounts of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents, notes receivable, convertible notes payable, accounts payable and accrued expenses, none of which is held for trading, approximate their estimated fair values due to the short-term maturities of those financial instruments.

 

A three-tier fair value hierarchy is used to prioritize the inputs in measuring fair value as follows:

 

Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

 

Level 2 - Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable, either directly or indirectly.

 

Level 3 - Significant unobservable inputs that cannot be corroborated by market data.

 

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

 

Pursuant to Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) No. 825 - Financial Instruments, the Company is required to estimate the fair value of all financial instruments included on its balance sheets. The carrying amounts of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents, notes receivable, convertible notes payable, accounts payable and accrued expenses, none of which is held for trading, approximate their estimated fair values due to the short-term maturities of those financial instruments.

 

A three-tier fair value hierarchy is used to prioritize the inputs in measuring fair value as follows:

 

Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

 

Level 2 - Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable, either directly or indirectly.

 

Level 3 - Significant unobservable inputs that cannot be corroborated by market data.

 

Revenue [Policy Text Block]

Revenue Recognition

 

Revenue from the sale of cannabis products is recognized by Oasis at the point of sale, at which time payment is received. Management estimates an allowance for sales returns.

 

The Company also recognizes revenue from Serenity Wellness Products LLC and Serenity Wellness Growers LLC, d/b/a City Trees (“City Trees”). City Trees recognizes revenue from the sale of the following cannabis products and services to licensed dispensaries, cultivators and distributors within the State of Nevada:

 

 

Premium organic medical cannabis sold wholesale to licensed retailers

 

 

Recreational marijuana cannabis products sold wholesale to licensed distributors and retailers

 

 

Extraction products such as oils and waxes derived from in-house cannabis production

 

 

Processing and extraction services for licensed medical cannabis cultivators in Nevada

 

 

High quality cannabis strains in the form of vegetative cuttings for sale to licensed medical cannabis cultivators in Nevada

 

Effective June 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC 606 — Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Under ASC 606, the Company recognizes revenue from commercial sales of products and licensing agreements by applying the following steps: (1) identifying the contract with a customer; (2) identifying the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determining the transaction price; (4) allocating the transaction price to each performance obligation in the contract; and (5) recognizing revenue when each performance obligation is satisfied. For the comparative periods, revenue has not been adjusted and continues to be reported under ASC 605 — Revenue Recognition. Under ASC 605, revenue is recognized when the following criteria are met: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) the performance of the service has been rendered to a customer or delivery has occurred; (3) the amount of fee to be paid by a customer is fixed and determinable; and (4) the collectability of the fee is reasonably assured. There was no impact on the Company’s financial statements as a result of adopting Topic 606 for the three and six months ended November 30, 2021 and 2020.

 

Disaggregation of Revenue

 

The following table represents a disaggregation of revenue for the three and six months ended November 30, 2021 and 2020:

 

 

 

For the Six

 

 

For the Six

 

 

 

Months Ended

 

 

Months Ended

 

 

 

November 30, 2021

 

 

November 30, 2020

 

Cannabis Dispensary

 

 

7,336,974

 

 

 

6,818,499

 

Cannabis Production

 

 

3,577,738

 

 

 

1,870,259

 

 

 

 

10,914,712

 

 

 

8,688,758

 

 

 

 

For the Three

 

 

For the Three

 

 

 

Months Ended

 

 

Months Ended

 

 

 

November 30, 2021

 

 

November 30, 2020

 

Cannabis Dispensary

 

 

3,591,399

 

 

 

3,732,974

 

Cannabis Production

 

 

1,822,603

 

 

 

1,174,915

 

 

 

 

5,414,002

 

 

 

4,907,889

 

 

Revenue Recognition

 

Revenue from the sale of cannabis products is recognized by Oasis at the point of sale, at which time payment is received. Management estimates an allowance for sales returns.

 

The Company also recognizes revenue from Serenity Wellness Products LLC and Serenity Wellness Growers LLC, d/b/a City Trees (“City Trees”). City Trees recognizes revenue from the sale of the following cannabis products and services to licensed dispensaries within the State of Nevada:

 

 

Premium organic medical cannabis sold wholesale to licensed retailers

 

 

Recreational marijuana cannabis products sold wholesale to licensed distributors and retailers

 

 

Extraction products such as oils and waxes derived from in-house cannabis production

 

 

Processing and extraction services for licensed medical cannabis cultivators in Nevada

 

 

High quality cannabis strains in the form of vegetative cuttings for sale to licensed medical cannabis cultivators in Nevada

 

Effective June 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC 606 — Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Under ASC 606, the Company recognizes revenue from commercial sales of products and licensing agreements by applying the following steps: (1) identifying the contract with a customer; (2) identifying the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determining the transaction price; (4) allocating the transaction price to each performance obligation in the contract; and (5) recognizing revenue when each performance obligation is satisfied. For the comparative periods, revenue has not been adjusted and continues to be reported under ASC 605 — Revenue Recognition. Under ASC 605, revenue is recognized when the following criteria are met: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) the performance of the service has been rendered to a customer or delivery has occurred; (3) the amount of fee to be paid by a customer is fixed and determinable; and (4) the collectability of the fee is reasonably assured. There was no impact on the Company’s financial statements as a result of adopting Topic 606 for the years ended May 31, 2021 and 2020.

 

Disaggregation of Revenue

 

The following table represents a disaggregation of revenue for the years ended May 31, 2021 and 2020:

 

   

2021

   

2020

 

Cannabis Dispensary

  $ 14,595,115     $ 9,365,105  

Cannabis Production

    4,696,972       2,552,524  
    $ 19,292,087     $ 11,917,629  

 

Earnings Per Share, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Basic and Diluted Earnings or Loss Per Share

 

Basic net earnings per share is based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period, while fully diluted net earnings per share is based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock and potentially dilutive securities assumed to be outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method. Potentially dilutive securities consist of options and warrants to purchase common stock, and convertible debt. Basic and diluted net loss per share are computed based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. At November 30, 2021 and 2020, the Company had the following potentially dilutive instruments outstanding: At November 30, 2021, a total of 75,430,955 shares (6,625,868 issuable upon the exercise of warrants, 3,041,290 issuable upon the exercise of unit warrants, 65,693,797 issuable upon the conversion of convertible notes payable and accrued interest, and 70,000 in stock to be issued). At November 30, 2020, a total of 88,474,321 shares (54,835,145 issuable upon the exercise of warrants, 7,676,974 issuable upon the exercise of unit warrants, 25,454,696 issuable upon the conversion of convertible notes payable and accrued interest, and 507,506 in stock to be issued).

 

The following is a reconciliation for the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three and six months ended November 30, 2021 and 2020:

 

 

 

For the Three Months Ended November 30,

 

 

 

2021

 

 

2020

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net income (loss) attributable to CLS Holdings USA, Inc.

 

$

(345,472

)

 

$

(849,376

)

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding

 

 

128,158,080

 

 

 

126,548,887

 

Dilutive effect of shares issuable

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

Diluted weighted average number of common shares outstanding

 

 

128,158,080

 

 

 

126,548,887

 

Basic loss per share

 

$

(0.00

)

 

$

(0.01

)

Diluted loss per share

 

$

(0.00

)

 

$

(0.01

)

 

 

 

For the Six Months Ended November 30,

 

 

 

2021

 

 

2020

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net income (loss) attributable to CLS Holdings USA, Inc.

 

$

82,127

 

 

$

(1,994,412

)

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding

 

 

128,071,067

 

 

 

126,535,075

 

Dilutive effect of shares issuable

 

 

70,000

 

 

 

-

 

Diluted weighted average number of common shares outstanding

 

 

128,141,067

 

 

 

126,535,075

 

Basic earnings (loss) per share

 

$

0.00

 

 

$

(0.02

)

Diluted earnings (loss) per share

 

$

0.00

 

 

$

(0.02

)

 

The Company uses the treasury stock method to calculate the impact of outstanding stock options and warrants. Stock options and warrants for which the exercise price exceeds the average market price over the period have an anti-dilutive effect on earnings per common share and, accordingly, are excluded from the calculations.

 

A net loss causes all outstanding stock options and warrants to be anti-dilutive. As a result, the basic and dilutive losses per common share are the same for the three and six months ended November 30, 2020 and for the three months ended November 30, 2021. For the six months ended November 30, 2021, the Company excluded from the calculation of fully diluted earnings per share the following instruments which were anti-dilutive: shares issuable pursuant to the conversion of notes payable and accrued interest, and shares issuable pursuant to the exercise of stock options and warrants. The Company included 70,000 shares of common stock issuable in fully diluted earnings per share for the six months ended November 30, 2021.

 

Basic and Diluted Earnings or Loss Per Share

 

Basic net earnings per share is based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period, while fully diluted net earnings per share is based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock and potentially dilutive securities assumed to be outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method. Potentially dilutive securities consist of options and warrants to purchase common stock, and convertible debt. Basic and diluted net loss per share are computed based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. At May 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company excluded from the calculation of fully diluted shares outstanding the following shares because the result would have been anti-dilutive: At May 31, 2021 a total of 129,623,809 shares (53,997,645 issuable upon the exercise of warrants, 7,676,974 issuable upon the exercise of unit warrants, 67,106,559 issuable upon the conversion of convertible notes payable and accrued interest, and 70,000 in stock to be issued). At May 31, 2020 a total of 88,130,526 shares (54,835,145 issuable upon the exercise of warrants, 7,676,974 issuable upon the exercise of unit warrants, 25,131,739 issuable upon the conversion of convertible notes payable and accrued interest, and 486,668 in stock to be issued).

 

The Company uses the treasury stock method to calculate the impact of outstanding stock options and warrants. Stock options and warrants for which the exercise price exceeds the average market price over the period have an anti-dilutive effect on earnings per common share and, accordingly, are excluded from the calculation.

 

A net loss causes all outstanding stock options and warrants to be antidilutive. As a result, the basic and dilutive losses per common share are the same for the years ended May 31, 2021 and 2020.

 

Income Tax, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Income Taxes

 

The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method in accordance with ASC 740. The Company recognizes deferred tax liabilities and assets for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, deferred tax liabilities and assets are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The components of the deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as current and non-current based on their characteristics. A valuation allowance is provided for certain deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not that the Company will not realize tax assets through future operations.

 

Section 280E of the Internal Revenue Code, as amended, prohibits businesses from deducting certain expenses associated with trafficking controlled substances (within the meaning of Schedule I and II of the Controlled Substances Act). The IRS has invoked Section 280E in tax audits against various cannabis businesses in the U.S. that are permitted under applicable state laws. Although the IRS has issued a clarification allowing the deduction of certain expenses, the bulk of operating costs and general administrative costs are generally not permitted to be deducted. The operations of certain of the Company’s subsidiaries are subject to Section 280E. This results in permanent differences between ordinary and necessary business expenses deemed non-deductible under IRC Section 280E. Therefore, the effective tax rate can be highly variable and may not necessarily correlate with pre-tax income or loss.

 

Income Taxes

 

The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method in accordance with ASC 740. The Company recognizes deferred tax liabilities and assets for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, deferred tax liabilities and assets are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The components of the deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as current and non-current based on their characteristics. A valuation allowance is provided for certain deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not that the Company will not realize tax assets through future operations.

 

Section 280E of the Internal Revenue Code, as amended, prohibits businesses from deducting certain expenses associated with trafficking controlled substances (within the meaning of Schedule I and II of the Controlled Substances Act). The IRS has invoked Section 280E in tax audits against various cannabis businesses in the U.S. that are permitted under applicable state laws. Although the IRS has issued a clarification allowing the deduction of certain expenses, the bulk of operating costs and general administrative costs are generally not permitted to be deducted. The operations of certain of the Company’s subsidiaries are subject to Section 280E. This results in permanent differences between ordinary and necessary business expenses deemed non-deductible under IRC Section 280E. Therefore, the effective tax rate can be highly variable and may not necessarily correlate with pre-tax income or loss.

 

Commitments and Contingencies, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Commitments and Contingencies

 

Certain conditions may exist as of the date the financial statements are issued, which may result in a loss to the Company but which will only be resolved when one or more future events occur or fail to occur. The Company’s management and its legal counsel assess such contingent liabilities, and such assessment inherently involves an exercise of judgment. In assessing loss contingencies related to legal proceedings that are pending against the Company or unasserted claims that may result in such proceedings, the Company’s legal counsel evaluates the perceived merits of any legal proceedings or unasserted claims brought to such legal counsel’s attention as well as the perceived merits of the amount of relief sought or expected to be sought therein.

 

If the assessment of a contingency indicates that it is probable that a material loss has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be estimated, then the estimated liability would be accrued in the Company’s financial statements. If the assessment indicates that a potentially material loss contingency is not probable, but is reasonably possible, or is probable but cannot be estimated, then the nature of the contingent liability, together with an estimate of the range of possible loss if determinable and material, would be disclosed.

 

Loss contingencies considered remote are generally not disclosed unless they involve guarantees, in which case the nature of the guarantee would be disclosed.

 

Commitments and Contingencies

 

Certain conditions may exist as of the date the financial statements are issued, which may result in a loss to the Company but which will only be resolved when one or more future events occur or fail to occur. The Company’s management and its legal counsel assess such contingent liabilities, and such assessment inherently involves an exercise of judgment. In assessing loss contingencies related to legal proceedings that are pending against the Company or unasserted claims that may result in such proceedings, the Company’s legal counsel evaluates the perceived merits of any legal proceedings or unasserted claims brought to such legal counsel’s attention as well as the perceived merits of the amount of relief sought or expected to be sought therein.

 

If the assessment of a contingency indicates that it is probable that a material loss has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be estimated, then the estimated liability would be accrued in the Company’s financial statements. If the assessment indicates that a potentially material loss contingency is not probable, but is reasonably possible, or is probable but cannot be estimated, then the nature of the contingent liability, together with an estimate of the range of possible loss if determinable and material, would be disclosed.

 

Loss contingencies considered remote are generally not disclosed unless they involve guarantees, in which case the nature of the guarantee would be disclosed.

 

New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

 

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, which simplifies the subsequent measurement of goodwill by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. In computing the implied fair value of goodwill under Step 2, current U.S. GAAP requires the performance of procedures to determine the fair value at the impairment testing date of assets and liabilities (including unrecognized assets and liabilities) following the procedure that would be required in determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. Instead, the amendments under this ASU require the goodwill impairment test to be performed by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An impairment charge should be recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The ASU became effective for the Company on January 1, 2020. During the year ended May 31, 2020, the Company recorded an impairment of goodwill in the amount of $25,185,003 pursuant to ASU No. 2017-04. At November 30, 2021, the net amount of goodwill on the Company’s balance sheet remained at $557,896.

 

There are various other updates recently issued, most of which represented technical corrections to the accounting literature or application to specific industries and are not expected to a have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

 

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842): Accounting for Leases. This update requires that lessees recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities that are measured at the present value of the future lease payments at the lease commencement date. The recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease by a lessee will largely remain unchanged and shall continue to depend on its classification as a finance or operating lease. The Company has performed a comprehensive review in order to determine what changes were required to support the adoption of this new standard. The Company adopted the ASU and related amendments on June 1, 2019 and has elected certain practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance. The Company has elected the optional transition method that allows for a cumulative-effect adjustment in the period of adoption and will not restate prior periods. Under the new guidance, the majority of the Company’s leases continue to be classified as operating. During the first quarter of fiscal 2020, the Company completed its implementation of its processes and policies to support the new lease accounting and reporting requirements. This resulted in an initial increase in both its total assets of $2,703,821 and total liabilities in the amount of $2,675,310.

 

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, which simplifies the subsequent measurement of goodwill by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. In computing the implied fair value of goodwill under Step 2, current U.S. GAAP requires the performance of procedures to determine the fair value at the impairment testing date of assets and liabilities (including unrecognized assets and liabilities) following the procedure that would be required in determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. Instead, the amendments under this ASU require the goodwill impairment test to be performed by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An impairment charge should be recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The ASU became effective for the Company on January 1, 2020. During the year ended May 31, 2020, the Company recorded an impairment of goodwill in the amount of $25,185,003 pursuant to ASU No. 2017-04.

 

There are various other updates recently issued, most of which represented technical corrections to the accounting literature or application to specific industries and are not expected to a have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Restricted Cash

 

The Company considers cash held in escrow as restricted cash. The Company had restricted cash of $250,000 and $0 as of November 30, 2021 and May 31, 2021, respectively. The Company had restricted cash and cash equivalents of $1,534,070 and $2,805,516 as of November 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

 

 
Consolidation, Subsidiaries or Other Investments, Consolidated Entities, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Non-Controlling Interests

 

The Company reports “non-controlling interest in subsidiary” as a component of equity, separate from parent’s equity, on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. In addition, the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations includes “net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest.”

 

 
Consolidation, Variable Interest Entity, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Variable Interest Entities

 

The Company’s consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly owned subsidiaries and variable interest entities (“VIE”), where the Company is the primary beneficiary under the provisions of ASC 810, Consolidation (“ASC 810”). A VIE must be consolidated by its primary beneficiary when, along with its affiliates and agents, the primary beneficiary has both: (i) the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance; and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive the benefits of the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The Company reconsiders whether an entity is still a VIE only upon certain triggering events and continually assesses its consolidated VIEs to determine if it continues to be the primary beneficiary. See “Note 3 – Joint Ventures” for additional information on the Company’s VIEs.